Which standard governs most classifications not involving suspect classes or fundamental rights?

• A. Strict scrutiny
• B. Rational basis review
• C. Intermediate scrutiny
• D. Clear and convincing evidence

Answer: (B)

When courts review classifications that don’t involve a suspect class or a fundamental right, they use rational basis review. This is the most deferential standard: the government must show the classification is rationally related to a legitimate government objective. If there’s any plausible justification tied to a legitimate goal, the law is typically upheld, and the challenger bears a tough burden to prove irrationality.

Strict scrutiny would apply only when a law targets a suspect class or infringes a fundamental right, demanding a compelling objective and narrowly tailored means. Intermediate scrutiny is used for some classifications, like gender, and requires an important objective and a substantial relation. Clear and convincing evidence isn’t a constitutional review standard for classifications; it’s a heightened burden of proof used in specific civil contexts, not the general framework for evaluating classifications.