Which doctrine allowed segregation under the doctrine of 'separate but equal' before being overturned?

• A. Equal Protection
• B. Originalism
• C. Strict scrutiny
• D. Separate but equal

Answer: (D)

The idea being tested is how segregation was legally justified in the United States before it was overturned. The doctrine that allowed segregated facilities to be considered constitutional was the separate but equal principle. It originated from the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, which held that racial segregation was permissible as long as the facilities provided to each race were equal in quality. This rationale provided the legal cover for segregation across schools, public accommodations, and transportation for decades.

This is the best answer because the question asks for the specific doctrine that permitted segregation under the law prior to being overturned, and “separate but equal” is exactly that doctrine. The Equal Protection Clause is the constitutional guarantee at issue and later used to challenge segregation; it does not itself justify segregation. Originalism is a way of interpreting the Constitution, not a doctrine about segregation. Strict scrutiny is a heightened standard of judicial review that would treat racial segregation as unlikely to pass, not justify it.