Which case reaffirmed that race-conscious admissions policies must be narrowly tailored to achieve diversity?

• A. Bakke (1978)
• B. Fisher v. UT Austin (2013)
• C. Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
• D. Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is that when race is used in college admissions, it must be part of a narrowly tailored, holistic program aimed at achieving diversity and not a quota. In Fisher v. UT Austin (2013), the Court reaffirmed this the way such policies fit within strict scrutiny: race can be considered as one factor among many in a holistic review, and the program must be tailored to achieve the diversity goal without treating race as a fixed entitlement or mechanical weight. The decision underscored that the plan is permissible only if it serves the diversity interest in a narrowly tailored way, consistent with earlier rulings like Grutter (which approved holistic race consideration) and rejected approaches like a quota or point system that overly automated the process (as in Gratz). So this case solidifies the continuing requirement that race-conscious admissions be narrowly tailored to achieve diversity.